![]() ![]() The hail detection is thus based on the differences in the radar cross sections for rain and hail particles at horizontal and vertical linear polarization. Various hydrometeor classification methods using polarimetric radar variables have been developed, including hail category recognition. Compared with a single-polarization, polarimetric radar measurements provide more information for retrieving a cloud's microphysical structure, and they can identify microphysical categories. Measured polarimetric variables are sensitive to the shape, size, phase state, and fall orientation of aloft hydrometeor particles. Radar measurements using dual-polarization have become more common in recent years following the upgrade of radar equipment by the national weather services. When the level of zero isotherm is used in the methods, the thermodynamic properties of the environment are represented, especially the potential supercool water supply and the vertical extent of melting layer. When elevated, the high reflectivity reflects strong updraft, which is able to hold the highly reflecting targets in the height. ![]() These methods are looking for the high reflectivity values, which should represent highly reflecting targets, possibly hail. The hail detection methods are based on various properties of clouds and cloud environment, which should indicate the hail occurrence. Mostly volumetric radar measurements are used in combination with atmospheric sounding data. Hail detection via conventional single-polarization Doppler radars is based on a measurement of horizontal reflectivity. Radar methods for remote sensing of hail within clouds have come into use for research, and in some countries for the operational radar networks. Katerina Skripnikova, in Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2019 Hail Detection by Radar ![]()
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